1
00:00:09,270 --> 00:00:15,525
While system design standards used in countries and regions differ,

2
00:00:15,525 --> 00:00:20,650
there is still wide overlap of the fundamental guidelines between them.

3
00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:25,020
The major criteria considered in the system design of

4
00:00:25,020 --> 00:00:27,150
natural gas transportation and

5
00:00:27,150 --> 00:00:32,420
distribution systems includes pressure and temperature ratings,

6
00:00:32,420 --> 00:00:36,140
gas specifications, gas velocity,

7
00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:40,225
pipelines sizing, and stress analysis.

8
00:00:40,225 --> 00:00:46,735
The natural gas transmission system in the US is no different.

9
00:00:46,735 --> 00:00:54,410
Compression stations design also follows these engineering guidelines,

10
00:00:54,410 --> 00:01:00,950
and natural gas distribution system design is also similar.

11
00:01:00,950 --> 00:01:06,430
The Colorado Springs System illustrates a typical design of

12
00:01:06,430 --> 00:01:13,770
a natural gas distribution system and its relationship with various kinds of customers.

13
00:01:13,770 --> 00:01:16,810
Notice that the city gate separates

14
00:01:16,810 --> 00:01:21,400
the distribution system from the gas transmission pipeline,

15
00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:25,760
while the natural gas distribution system looks simple,

16
00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:29,490
it serves thousands of customers.

17
00:01:29,490 --> 00:01:34,165
As an example, the Colorado Springs utility

18
00:01:34,165 --> 00:01:40,575
requires 196,635 meters,

19
00:01:40,575 --> 00:01:44,645
2,530 miles of gas mains,

20
00:01:44,645 --> 00:01:50,925
and 2,809 service lines to serve its customers.

21
00:01:50,925 --> 00:01:56,565
The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration issued

22
00:01:56,565 --> 00:02:04,780
operator qualification regulations that have enhanced training pipeline operators.

23
00:02:04,780 --> 00:02:08,545
The regulation doesn't detail the training,

24
00:02:08,545 --> 00:02:13,390
but requires pipeline operators to document that

25
00:02:13,390 --> 00:02:16,820
certain employees have been trained to respond

26
00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:21,130
to have normal operating conditions that may occur.

27
00:02:21,130 --> 00:02:24,620
The Gas Technology Institute provides

28
00:02:24,620 --> 00:02:31,510
numerous field training modules that pipeline operators can use to train their employees,

29
00:02:31,510 --> 00:02:34,900
since it complies with the Pipeline and

30
00:02:34,900 --> 00:02:39,515
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration regulations.

31
00:02:39,515 --> 00:02:42,940
These training modules cover construction,

32
00:02:42,940 --> 00:02:47,650
corrosion control, pipeline installation, pipe joining,

33
00:02:47,650 --> 00:02:51,590
pipeline operations as well as maintenance,

34
00:02:51,590 --> 00:02:57,000
gas control, pressure regulation, and emergency preparedness.